Ringkasan Buku Sekolah
Kelas 11 (SMA / MA / SMK)
BAHASA INGGRIS
CHAPTER 4: National Disaster-An Exposition
An Article
Global Warming
Is it an end to our world?
Global warming is a phenomenon used to describe the gradual increase in the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is not a new problem but lately people are acknowledging that we are facing a serious problem. Climate change is apparent everywhere. Failed crops, economic slowdown, and deforestation are among the several impacts of global warming.
First of all, there is irrefutable evidence that human activities have changed the atmosphere of our earth. Since the time we have been industrializing, we started polluting our waters and air, and have been releasing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.
Secondly, according to research by the Greenpeace organization, there is evidence of extensive deforestation being carried out in Indonesia and other tropical countries around the world. These forests are used to grow crops like palm sugar, palm oil and coffee-the lifeline of Western society (Green-peace report, 2007). The impact of climate change is noticeable throughout Asia-Pacific, either during hot days or too much rain accompanied by wind and thunderstorm.
This has started to affect the economy as well.
Furthermore, the shifting weather patterns have made it difficult for farmers to grow crops. A recent study has shown that due to unpredictable weather patterns, there have been lot of failed crops (Reuters, 2007).
In conclusion, global warming is not a new problem nor are we solely responsible for it.
But as the citizens of the world, we have to take every possible action to help overcome this issue. It is not only for us but for all the future generations to follow.
Gambar .Effect of global warming (Source: nationalgeographic.com)
Theory
Analytical Exposition Text
- An analytical exposition text evaluates a topic critically but focuses only on one side of an argument
- In your life if you have tried to persuade anyone on a certain issue or argued relentlessly about something with someone, then you have used an exposition
- The argument and point of view have to be supported by facts and relevant information The thesis statement has to be reiterated in the conclusion
Social Function
The purpose of an exposition text is to persuade your audience to look at an issue with your perspective
An exposition text needs to:
- Clearly state the point of view,
- Use valid research findings to support your viewpoint,
- Defend your viewpoint,
- Support the viewpoint with factual data like graphs, pictures, charts
Gambar .Structure of Exposition Text
Title:
- Tells about the topic of the essay
Introduction:
- This is the starting point of an exposition essay
- Here you state the topic and establish the point of view (thesis statement)
- Introductory statement should be an emotional statement or a question that is an attention grabber
- A preview of the points you plan to make to support your thesis (argument)
Body:
- A series of arguments to convince the audience
- Each paragraph starts with a new argument
- Each paragraph has a main point, reason for the main point and evidence to support the main point
- Use of emotive words, mental verbs, causal conjunctions to persuade the audience
- Each paragraph has to be logically linked to the previous paragraph and to the thesis statement
Conclusion:
- Reiterates or restates the thesis statement
- Summarizes what has been stated
(Emilia, 2012)
Language Features of an Exposition Text:
Use descriptive persuasive words with emotive connotations to emphasize your viewpoint These words can either be positive or negative Use thesaurus to find an appropriate word For example:
Instead of using bad, USE appalling, unfavorable, ghastly, terrible;
Instead of using good", USE fantastic, incredible, momentous, remarkable;
Instead of using persuading, USE convincing, urging, enticing, realistic;
Instead of using persuasive, USE credible, realistic, rational, sane, coherent
Use the present tense such as lions live; | eat; cheetahs run
Use mental verbs such as | believe; | prefer; | agree; | doubt; | disagree
Use saying verbs to support the argument such as people say; it is said; research indicates, etc
Use connecting words to link to arguments so that the flow of the arguments is logical and fluent
Some examples are:
additionally, furthermore, not only, also, in addition, moreover, likewise, firstly, secondly, etc
Use causal conjunctions to indicate a cause or reason of what is being stated
For example:
because, consequently, despite, due to, for that reason, in that case, eventhough, yet, otherwise, etc
Use words that express the author's attitude - to qualify or confirm
For example:
will, frequently, may, must, usually, typically, habitually, commonly, doubtless, characteristically, in all probability, etc
Use persuasive techniques:
- Use generalizations to support viewpoints or arguments Generalizations are common beliefs, general statements
- Use evidence and facts to back up the generalizations like using research, expert opinions, testimonies or quotes
- Use exaggerations to make things or issues appear better or worse than they actually are
(Simon & Schuster, 2002)
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